解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize the relationship between smoking and miscarriage. We searched the PubMed database (1956-August 31, 2011) using keywords and conducted manual reference searches of included articles and reports of the US Surgeon General. The full text of 1,706 articles ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt334
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Second-generation assays for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), a highly sensitive and specific marker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have redefined the epidemiology of RA. In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) RA study (2009-2011), we evaluated the prevalence of anti-CCP positivity among 15,691 (10.2% of ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwu003
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas the feasibility and effectiveness of Internet-based epidemiologic research have been established, methodological support for the quality of such data is still accumulating. We aimed to identify sociodemographic differences among members of a French cohort according to willingness to provide part of one's 15-di...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt431
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether early gestational exposures to pesticides were associated with an increased risk of anencephaly, spina bifida, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP), or cleft palate only. We used population-based data along with detailed information from maternal interviews. Exposure estimates were based on...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt324
更新日期:2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a retrospective study among 4,734 women who served in the US military in Vietnam (Vietnam cohort), 2,062 women who served in countries near Vietnam (near-Vietnam cohort), and 5,313 nondeployed US military women (US cohort) to evaluate the associations of mortality outcomes with Vietnam War service. Vetera...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt319
更新日期:2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gallstones and cholecystectomy may be related to digestive system cancer through inflammation, altered bile flux, and changes in metabolic hormone levels. Although gallstones are recognized causes of gallbladder cancer, associations with other cancers of the digestive system are poorly established. We used the Surveil...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt322
更新日期:2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Levels of exposure biomarkers vary among individuals because of differences in both environmental exposure and metabolism. However, the ultimate interest is in providing information about the impact of modifying environmental exposures through regulation or behavior change. Using these levels in studies of pregnancy o...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt314
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolving concept of gender-based violence (GBV) is a multifaceted issue of public health significance. Until recently, most studies examining GBV have been conducted in North America. In this issue of the Journal, Palermo et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(5):602-612) report their secondary analyses involving approx...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt296
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Variants of inflammatory and immune response genes have been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes following exposure to air pollution. However, the genes involved and their associations are not well characterized, and there has been no systematic review. Thus, we conducted a review following the guidelines of ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt269
更新日期:2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene analyses have led to the discovery of several dozen genetic polymorphisms associated with breast cancer susceptibility, many of which are considered well-established risk factors for the disease. Despite attempts to replicate these same variant-disease associat...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt258
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This commentary reviews the recent history of explanations to crossover paradoxes such as the birth weight and gestational age paradoxes, with a special emphasis on the current proposal by Kramer et al. in this issue of the Journal (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(3):361-367). We contend that the causal structure of these pa...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt283
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements of neighborhood exposures likely vary depending on the definition of "neighborhood" selected. This study examined the extent to which neighborhood definition influences findings regarding spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers among youth. We defined spatial accessibility to tobacco retailers (i.e., t...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt251
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the leading identifiable predisposing factor for preterm birth. Although maternal exposure to air pollution can potentially have an impact on preterm PROM, there is no available evidence on such an impact. In this study, based on 5,555 singleton births occurring in Barc...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt240
更新日期:2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, we evaluated the influence of adulthood weight history on mortality risk. The National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study is an observational cohort study of US men and women who were aged 50-71 years at entry in 1995-1996. This...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt254
更新日期:2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is known to be associated with systemic inflammation. We examined the longitudinal association of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lung function in a cohort of 18,110 men and women from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer in Norfolk who were 40-79 years of age at baseli...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt208
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a long-standing debate about whether birth weight directly affects adult blood pressure, or whether the association is entirely mediated through current weight. In this issue of the Journal, Chiolero et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(1):4-11) quantitatively evaluate whether bias from an unmeasured confou...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt231
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between sleep and obesity or weight gain in adults, particularly older populations, remains unclear. In a cohort of 83,377 US men and women aged 51-72 years, we prospectively investigated the association between self-reported sleep duration and weight change over an average of 7.5 years of follow-up (...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt180
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using data from the Women's Health Initiative (1993-2009; n = 158,833 participants, of whom 84.1% were white, 9.2% were black, 4.1% were Hispanic, and 2.6% were Asian), we compared all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality rates in white, black, Hispanic, and Asian postmenopausal women with and without diabetes....
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt177
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have provided conflicting evidence on whether being a family caregiver is associated with increased or decreased risk for all-cause mortality. This study examined whether 3,503 family caregivers enrolled in the national Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study showed dif...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt225
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiologic approach to causal inference (i.e., Hill's viewpoints) consists of evaluating potential causes from the following 2, noncumulative angles: 1) established results from comparative, observational, or experimental epidemiologic studies; and 2) reviews of nonepidemiologic evidence. It does not involve st...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt223
更新日期:2013-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Given that the primordial ovarian follicular pool is established in utero, it may be influenced by parental characteristics and the intrauterine environment. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels are increasingly recognized as a biomarker of ovarian reserve in females in adulthood and adolescence. We examined and compar...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt137
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased lung cancer risks among hairdressers were observed in large registry-based cohort studies from Scandinavia, but these studies could not adjust for smoking. Our objective was to evaluate the lung cancer risk among hairdressers while adjusting for smoking and other confounders in a pooled database of 16 case-c...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt119
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 80% of sexually active young women in the United States use hormonal contraceptives during their reproductive years. Associations between hormonal contraceptive use and mood disturbances remain understudied, despite the hypothesis that estrogen and progesterone play a role in mood problems. In this study,...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt188
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of genetic risk models based on risk loci identified and/or confirmed in genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through April 13, 2012, and published da...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt123
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiology is the study of the causes and distributions of diseases in human populations so that we may identify ways to prevent and control disease. Although this definition broadly serves us well, I suggest that in recent decades, our discipline's robust interest in identifying causes has come at the expense of a ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt172
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Customized birth weight charts that incorporate maternal characteristics are now being adopted into clinical practice. However, there is controversy surrounding the value of these charts in the prediction of growth and perinatal outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the use of customized charts in predic...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt176
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective cohort of nondisabled adults aged 65 years or more in the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (1981-1987 and 1985-1992), we used a competing risk approach to predict the 5-year risk of severe, persistent activities-of-daily-living (ADLs) disability, defined as dependence i...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt097
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pesticides are ubiquitous neurotoxicants, and several lines of evidence suggest that exposure may be associated with depression. Epidemiologic evidence has focused largely on organophosphate exposures, while research on other pesticides is limited. We collected detailed pesticide use history from farmers recruited in ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt089
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method for estimating the causal relationship between an exposure and an outcome using a genetic factor as an instrumental variable (IV) for the exposure. In the traditional MR setting, data on the IV, exposure, and outcome are available for all participants. However, obtaining comple...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt084
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a paucity of data on basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) in the United States, since most national registries do not collect information on BCC. We evaluated BCC incidence trends and associated risk factors for BCC in 140,171 participants from a U.S. female cohort, the Nurses' Health Study (1986-2006), and a U.S. male...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt073
更新日期:2013-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Personality may influence the risk of death, but the evidence remains inconsistent. We examined associations between personality traits of the five-factor model (extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience) and the risk of death from all causes through individual-participant...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt170
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moderate-intensity exercise has attracted considerable attention because of its safety and many health benefits. Tai Chi, a form of mind-body exercise that originated in ancient China, has been gaining popularity. Practicing Tai Chi may improve overall health and well-being; however, to our knowledge, no study has eva...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt050
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential role of psychological stress in pancreatic cancer has rarely been investigated in epidemiologic studies. During 1991-2009, we conducted a nested case-control study based on Swedish national population and health registers to investigate whether severe psychological stress induced by the death of a child ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt045
更新日期:2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Adult height is determined by genetics and childhood nutrition, but childhood infections may also play a role. Monozygotic twins are genetically matched and offer an advantage when identifying environmental determinants. In 2005-2007, we examined the association of childhood infections with adult height in 140 height-...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt012
更新日期:2013-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Celiac disease (CD) is associated with increased mortality rate and adverse pregnancy outcome, but little is known about offspring mortality rate. In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, we identified persons whose biopsy-verified CD was diagnosed in Sweden in 1969-2008. We compared mortality rates in children ...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws397
更新日期:2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D may reduce telomere shortening through anti-inflammatory and anti-cell proliferation mechanisms. In the present study, we examined the association between vitamin D and relative leukocyte telomere length by using both plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) biomarkers. V...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws435
更新日期:2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Iron, potassium, zinc, and other minerals might impact the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) through multiple mechanisms, but few studies have evaluated these relations. We conducted a case-control study nested within the prospective Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2001). Participants were free from PMS at base...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws363
更新日期:2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The involvement of organophosphate insecticides in cognitive disorders is supported by epidemiologic and biological evidence, but the effects of long-term exposure remain debated. We studied the association between organophosphate exposure and cognitive performance in vine workers from the PHYTONER study cohort in the...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws346
更新日期:2013-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::One measure of the severity of a pandemic influenza outbreak at the individual level is the risk of death among people infected by the new virus. However, there are complications in estimating both the numerator and denominator. Regarding the numerator, statistical estimates of the excess deaths associated with influe...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kws314
更新日期:2013-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of the Journal, Van Ewijk et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(8):729-736) report intriguing associations between prenatal exposure to the religious month of Ramadan and body anthropometry among adult Muslims in Indonesia. They categorized prenatal exposure according to the relative timing of Ramadan and the...
journal_title:American journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/aje/kwt024
更新日期:2013-04-15 00:00:00